2025年高考英语超纲词汇分析

         2025年高考落下帷幕,英语试卷中频频出现的”超纲词汇”再度成为师生热议的焦点。这些看似超出《普通高中英语课程标准》3500词范围的词汇,实则是命题者精心设计的”区分度密码”。一方面,教育部明确要求高考英语命题以教材为本,词汇量基准约3000词(新教材实际覆盖5000词);另一方面,语言学家Laufer的研究指出:考生需掌握文章中98%的词汇才能充分理解文本,而高考作为选拔性考试,必然通过超纲词实现难度分层。

         然而通过对高考真题的分析,恰恰揭示了大部分超纲词汇的本质——它们多数并非真正的超纲,而是通过构词法衍生的可推测词汇(如2025年全国I卷真题中的documentaryopportunity等),或是在考纲词汇基础上添加表义前缀/后缀的变形词(如interactioncelebrity),大部分超纲词汇属于3500词范围内的正常组合,因此学习词根词缀构词非常重要。更值得关注的是,部分被师生视为超纲的词汇(如pursuecommunity),实为雅思等国际考试的基础词汇,反映着新高考与国际语言能力标准的接轨趋势。同时,通过对高考词汇的词频分析可以看出:绝大部分词汇也遵循高频词汇的正态分布

         命题实践也显示,真题会对原文超纲词进行替换(如将peer改为look)以适配考纲。这种张力恰恰要求我们跳出是否超纲的二元争论,转而聚焦词汇能力的本质——即通过构词法逻辑(如documentary揭示的派生规律)、跨学科语料积累(如物理appliance、社会学discrimination等),以及学术词汇前瞻性学习(如母语国家的高频词汇),将所谓的超纲焦虑转化为词汇战略升级的契机

本文将从命题逻辑、教学盲区、能力重构三大维度,深度解析2025年高考英语超纲词汇的真相与破局之道。

图片[1]-2025年高考英语超纲词汇分析-词频统计

新课标全国Ⅰ卷 听力部分

音频发音为美音,而绝大部分教材音频资料为英音,平时需做适应性训练。

Text 1 【旅客申报行李丢失及航空公司处理流程】

1. What will the man do next?

A. Unpack his suitcase.

B. Board a flight.

C. Fill out a form.

原文

M: Excuse me, I just arrived on the flight from Melbourne, and my suitcase is missing.

W: We’re very sorry, sir. Could you put down your information in this formWell do everything we can to find your suitcase.

M: Okay.

Text 2 讨论毕业后计划

2. What does Sarah plan to do after graduation?

A. Do volunteer work.

B. Pursue a higher degree.

C. Run the family business.

原文

M: Have you talked over your future plan with your parents, Sarah?

W: Well, my parents would like me to do my master’s after graduation. But Im thinking of volunteering as a social worker for a year.

M: Good for you.

Text 3 【讨论搬家意向及郊区看房计划】

3. What are the speakers talking about?

A. Buying a car.

B. Moving house.

C. Fixing the window.

原文

W: We really need to move, Steve. So many cars go by every day and no sun comes through the windows.

M: Yeah, this house is kind of old. What do you have in mind?

W: Maybe we should have a look in the suburbs.

Text 4 初次滑雪体验及感受

4. What does the woman think of the ski area?

A. It’s a bit crowded.

B. It has poor snow.

C. It’s too far away.

原文

M: Do you often ski here?

W: No, this is my first time.

M: So how do you like it so far?

W: The snow is brilliant. It would be better if there were fewer people.

Text 5 指路与目的地确认

W: Now we’ve crossed the stone bridge, turn right again. Look! Here’s the Art Center. The Grand Theatre is two blocks away.

M: Nearly there. We wont be late then.

Text 6 交通违章处理(学校区域超速)

6. What did the woman do?

A. She went over the speed limit.
B. She parked in a school zone.
C. She drove through a red light.

7. What time does school finish on Wednesdays?

A. At 2:00 pm.  
B. At 2:30 pm. 
 C. At 3:30 pm.

原文

M: Miss, I’ll need to see your driver’s license.

W: Was I doing something wrong?

M: Youre driving in a school zone around the time school lets out. The speed limit is 15 miles an hour, and you were going 35.

W: (7)But its only 2:10 pm. The students arendismissed until 3:30.

M: Today is Wednesday. Students are dismissed an hour and a half earlier on Wednesdays.

W: Oh, no, you’re right. I just forgot that.

Text 7 偶遇熟人并邀请聚餐

8. What is the relationship between the speakers?

A. Fellow workers.

B. Former schoolmates.

C. Family relatives.

9. Who will Grace have dinner with?

A. Fiona.   
B. Jennifer.    
C. David.

10. What is Kevin going to do next?

A. Buy a drink.  
B. Play basketball.  
C. Greet a friend.

原文

M: Hi, Grace. Haven’t seen you for some time!

W: Oh, Kevin. Nice to see you. Are you also here for dinner?

M: Yes. My cousin Fiona is in town, and this is her favorite steakhouse. You met her last year, right?

W: Yes, at Jennifer’s wedding.

M: Right. Look, are you here alone? Would you like to join us?

W: That’s very nice of you, but Im meeting David and some other friends for dinner. You remember David from Class Two?

M: Of course. He was the captain of our schools basketball team. I havent seen him since graduation.

W: He worked abroad for 3 years and has just come back.

M: Well, Ill go and say a quick hello. We definitely should get together sometime and have a drink.

Text 8 探讨电视节目的娱乐性和教育性

11. What does the woman say about news programs?

A. They are replaced by documentaries.

B. They have been reduced in number.

C. They focus on the life of celebrities.

12. What is the man’s attitude toward reality shows?

A. Favorable.  
B. Critical.   
C. Uncertain.

13. What does the woman expect TV programs to be?

A. Educational.  
B. Diverse.   
C. Entertaining.

原文

W: There’s nothing decent to watch these days on TV.

M: Nothing decent? There’s tons of stuff.

W: Theyve cut down on the number of news programs, and the number of documentaries. All have been replaced by these stupid reality shows and game shows, you know.

M: Well, they often make me laugh. People want to watch that kind of thing. Its good, you know. As long as theres a balance, theres a bit of this, a bit of that.

W: Should we be giving people what they want to watch? (13)Or should we beyou know, trying to educate them?

M: Well, TV is there for entertainment. If you want an education, you go to university or college or something, don’t you?

W: No. I really don’t think so.

Text 9 学校服务项目介绍(家校和社区互动)

14.Who is Cathy?

A. A school teacher.        

B. A radio host.         

C. A government official.

15.What can the visiting adults do in the school?

A. Give speeches.        

B. Observe classes.      

C.Organize activities.

16.How can the students benefit from the school program?

A. Earn extra credits.

B. Find job opportunities.

C. Learn about adults’ life.

17. What is the goal of the school program?

A. To improve student-teacher relationship. 

B. To promote the idea of work-life balance. 

C. To enhance school-community interaction.

原文

W: Welcome to Education Update. This is Kathy. We have Robert Hall from Mountainside High School with us today. Hello, Mr. Hall. Could you tell us about the service program in your school?

M: Okay. It goes like this. On certain days each month, adults from the neighborhood sit in class with the students and see what’s going on in the school.

W: That’s interesting. What else can they do?

M: They can also take adult courses in the evenings for both fun and serious learning.

W: What about the students? What can they do in the program?

M: Well, they can change places with adults and go working on a farm or in a factory or taking care of the housework.

W: Good. This helps them better understand the lives of their parents and know more about their neighborhood.

M: Yes. Students have a chance to work in hospitals, nursing homes, libraries, and even in government offices.

W: So the school is not only part of the student’s lives, but also part of the neighborhood.

M: That’s exactly what our service program is for.

W: Great. Thank you, Mr. Hall.

Text 10 通过艺术项目传播气候变化信息

18. Where is the speaker’s city located?

A. By the lake.      

B. On the coast.              

C. In the valley.

19. What do the numbers on the signs stand for?

A. The duration of flooding.

B. The rise in air temperature.

C. The height above sea level.

20. What does the success of the project indicate?

A. Art can make a difference. 

B. The homeowners are creative. 

C. Climate change is controllable.

原文

M: Good evening. Tonight, I’ll continue to share how we can use art to spread the word about the changing climate. In our day-to-day lives, climate change can be hard to see, but some places will feel the changes sooner than others. The city I live in is very flat and close to the waterline. And rising sea levels are already creating floods. So I decided to do something to make it impossible to ignore. I started an art project called Underwater Homeowners Association and painted numbers onto thousands of large signs. Each number showed how high someone’s house was above sea level. A one would mean that if the sea level rose one foot, the building would flood. I gave the signs to homeowners who put them in their yards. Kids painted more signs and put them near their schools and along busy roads. The project has already had a real-world effect. The people who put the signs in their yards created a real homeowners association to address climate change in their communities.

        统计听力部分的试题及听力素材原文,剔除人名、地名、语气词等单词,听力部分单词总量为1214个单词,还原名词的单复数、动词的时态,剔除重复单词后净单词量为416个,比对高考大纲词汇表,超纲单词为37个,超纲比例为8.9%;再比对母语国家词频前5000词,超出词频表的单词量为16个,超表比例为3.8%,超出部分均为考纲词汇的变形词。

图片[2]-2025年高考英语超纲词汇分析-词频统计
图片[3]-2025年高考英语超纲词汇分析-词频统计

文章太长,将在下一节分析笔试部分。

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